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使用中断方法实现UART不定长数据接收
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使用中断方法实现UART不定长数据接收
基础知识CubeMx配置函数说明代码实现
硬件平台：NUCLEO-STM32F411RE
基础知识
嵌入式开发中，UART串口通信协议是我们常用的通信协议之一，全称叫做通用异步收发传输器（Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter）。 基本原理： 硬件平台：STM32F411RE-NUCLEO UART参数： 1、HAL_UART_Receive_IT和HAL_UART_Receive的区别就是：中断接收是有数据到了才去读；直接接收是直接读取，如果超时就返回 2、HAL_UART_Receive_IT配置后，有数据来，计数会在调用中断函数之后自动减1。只有到计数为0时，才会关闭中断并调用回调函数。至此有数据来不再调用中断函数，因为中断已经失效。 HAL_UART_Transmit Function name HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit (UART_HandleTypeDef * huart, uint8_t * pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)Function description: Sends an amount of data in blocking mode. Parameters: • huart: Pointer to a UART_HandleTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for the specified UART module. • pData: Pointer to data buffer (u8 or u16 data elements). • Size: Amount of data elements (u8 or u16) to be sent • Timeout: Timeout duration Return values • HAL: status Notes • When UART parity is not enabled (PCE = 0), and Word Length is configured to 9 bits (M1-M0 = 01), the sent data is handled as a set of u16. In this case, Size must indicate the number of u16 provided through pData. HAL_UART_Receive Function name HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive (UART_HandleTypeDef * huart, uint8_t * pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)Function description: Receives an amount of data in blocking mode. Parameters • huart: Pointer to a UART_HandleTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for the specified UART module. • pData: Pointer to data buffer (u8 or u16 data elements). • Size: Amount of data elements (u8 or u16) to be received. • Timeout: Timeout duration Return values • HAL: status Notes • When UART parity is not enabled (PCE = 0), and Word Length is configured to 9 bits (M1-M0 = 01), the received data is handled as a set of u16. In this case, Size must indicate the number of u16 available through pData. HAL_UART_Transmit_IT Function name HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit_IT (UART_HandleTypeDef * huart, uint8_t * pData, uint16_t Size)Function description Sends an amount of data in non blocking mode. Parameters • huart: Pointer to a UART_HandleTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for the specified UART module. • pData: Pointer to data buffer (u8 or u16 data elements). • Size: Amount of data elements (u8 or u16) to be sent Return values • HAL: status Notes • When UART parity is not enabled (PCE = 0), and Word Length is configured to 9 bits (M1-M0 = 01), the sent data is handled as a set of u16. In this case, Size must indicate the number of u16 provided through pData. HAL_UART_Receive_IT Function name HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive_IT (UART_HandleTypeDef * huart, uint8_t * pData, uint16_t Size)Function description Receives an amount of data in non blocking mode. Parameters • huart: Pointer to a UART_HandleTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for the specified UART module. • pData: Pointer to data buffer (u8 or u16 data elements). • Size: Amount of data elements (u8 or u16) to be received. Return values • HAL: status Notes • When UART parity is not enabled (PCE = 0), and Word Length is configured to 9 bits (M1-M0 = 01), the received data is handled as a set of u16. In this case, Size must indicate the number of u16 available through pData. 代码实现定义一个全局数组用于存放数据 int Rx_pointer = 0; uint8_t buffer_Rx[100];main.c中打开中断 uint8_t buffer_Rx[100]; __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart2, UART_IT_IDLE); __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart2, UART_IT_RXNE);stm32f4xx_it.c中修改中断处理函数 /** * @brief This function handles USART2 global interrupt. */ void USART2_IRQHandler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_IRQn 0 */ /* USER CODE END USART2_IRQn 0 */ HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart2); /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_IRQn 1 */ // receive interrupt if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart2, UART_FLAG_RXNE))// huart2.Instance->SR & UART_FLAG_RXNE { __HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG(&huart2, UART_FLAG_RXNE); Rx_pointer ++; buffer_Rx[Rx_pointer] = huart2.Instance->DR; } //idle interrupt if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart2, UART_FLAG_IDLE)) // huart2.Instance->SR & UART_FLAG_IDLE { if(Rx_pointer!=0) { Rx_pointer = 0; HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, buffer_Rx, sizeof(buffer_Rx), 100);//UART发送函数，将收到的重新发出来 } __HAL_UART_CLEAR_FLAG(&huart2, UART_FLAG_IDLE); __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart2);//一定要清除IEDLDFLAG 否则会一直卡在中断出不来 } /* USER CODE END USART2_IRQn 1 */ } |
常见数据结构： 
这里是用UART2进行数据接受发送 打开UART并设置波特率等： 
打开中断： 
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